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Moving Beyond the Basics in MDM4U

Data Management

Chris Papalia

St. Andrew’s College

Original - 2017-05-17
(updated: 2021-03-16)

Resources Available here: http://bit.ly/BeyondBasicsMDM4U

Personal Website: http://highschoolteach-r.netlify.com/

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Chris Papalia

Education Background

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Chris Papalia

Education Background

Professional Background

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Chris Papalia

Education Background

Professional Background

Interests

  • Teaching Statistics
  • Data Science and Analytics in R
  • Tech Integration into Teaching
  • Online Learning
  • Coaching Hockey and Baseball and Squash
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I am fortunate to have access to many resources, but in teaching in public schools for three years, I still believe that much of what I do now can be done in many schools.

St. Andrew's College

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Outline

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Outline

1. History

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

b. How I started teaching MDM4U

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

b. How I started teaching MDM4U

2. How I am changing

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

b. How I started teaching MDM4U

2. How I am changing

a. Order of Units

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

b. How I started teaching MDM4U

2. How I am changing

a. Order of Units

b. Context with Books/Media/Podcasts

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

b. How I started teaching MDM4U

2. How I am changing

a. Order of Units

b. Context with Books/Media/Podcasts

c. Spiral Topics

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

b. How I started teaching MDM4U

2. How I am changing

a. Order of Units

b. Context with Books/Media/Podcasts

c. Spiral Topics

d. Tech/Visualization/(coding?)

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Outline

1. History

a. Know your audience

b. How I started teaching MDM4U

2. How I am changing

a. Order of Units

b. Context with Books/Media/Podcasts

c. Spiral Topics

d. Tech/Visualization/(coding?)

e. Assessing with projects

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Who Takes Data Management?

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Who Takes Data Management?

Students say...

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Who Takes Data Management?

Students say...

  • “I need a grade 12 math”
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Who Takes Data Management?

Students say...

  • “I need a grade 12 math”

  • “Calculus and Advanced Functions are too hard”

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Who Takes Data Management?

Students say...

  • “I need a grade 12 math”

  • “Calculus and Advanced Functions are too hard”

  • “I’m not a math person”

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Who Takes Data Management?

Students say...

  • “I need a grade 12 math”

  • “Calculus and Advanced Functions are too hard”

  • “I’m not a math person”

  • “I don’t need math…”

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Who Takes Data Management?

Students say...

  • “I need a grade 12 math”

  • “Calculus and Advanced Functions are too hard”

  • “I’m not a math person”

  • “I don’t need math…”

  • “Guidance said this is the math class for me”

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Who Teaches Data Management?

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Who Teaches Data Management?

Those who...

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Who Teaches Data Management?

Those who...

...can't teach calculus?

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My first time teaching MDM...

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Teaching MDM is an opportunity...

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My Journey

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My Journey

When I started....

Student's were calculating the standard deviation by hand

Using a TI-83+ was considered tech

We rarely discussed data in the wild

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My Journey

When I started....

Student's were calculating the standard deviation by hand

Using a TI-83+ was considered tech

We rarely discussed data in the wild

But now that I've taught this more...

We are using software to perform calculations and visualization

We spend most of our time interpreting statistical outputs

and telling stories with data visualization

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The Data tells a story...

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The Data tells a story

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How did I change my practice?

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Organized a New Course Plan

1. One Variable Data – “What’s the data say?”

  • Distributions and Statistics (shape, centre, spread)

2. Normal Distributions and Standardized Scores - "How do we compare individuals"?

3. Two Variable Data – “What else is at play?”

4. Data Collection – “What say do we have in the data?”

5. Probability – “How likely is the data”

  • Counting, permutations, combinations

6. Probability Applications and Distributions "How can I win with data?"

7. Special Topics in Data "How do I apply these skills"

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Enrich the Classroom with Tools

  • Laptop, Projector, Live Data Analysis

  • Simulations, Excel, Fathom, RStudio

  • We try to work with data visualization every day

  • Remember, a good plot tells the story

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Add context

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Add context

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Specific Improvements

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Specific Improvements

1. Spiraling Content/Adding context

Always revisiting one/two variable data and looking ahead and behind

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Specific Improvements

1. Spiraling Content/Adding context

Always revisiting one/two variable data and looking ahead and behind

2. Using tools that are accessible to students

Data Visualization with meaningful data

Low floor; High ceiling

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Specific Improvements

1. Spiraling Content/Adding context

Always revisiting one/two variable data and looking ahead and behind

2. Using tools that are accessible to students

Data Visualization with meaningful data

Low floor; High ceiling

3. Using applets, discussion forums, and teaching videos

Recording class lessons

Student discussions

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Specific Improvements

1. Spiraling Content/Adding context

Always revisiting one/two variable data and looking ahead and behind

2. Using tools that are accessible to students

Data Visualization with meaningful data

Low floor; High ceiling

3. Using applets, discussion forums, and teaching videos

Recording class lessons

Student discussions

4. Using AP Statistics Resources

Free-Response Questions that will connect several course topics

Model answers and rubrics available for students

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Adding Context and Connecting Topics

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Data, Probability, and Stories

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Data, Probability, and Stories

The Cannon

Chapter 2: Probability

  • Natural Variability
  • Birthday and Monty Hall Problem
  • Statistics and Probability
  • Written with excellent prose and narrative
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Data, Probability, and Stories

The Cannon

Chapter 2: Probability

  • Natural Variability
  • Birthday and Monty Hall Problem
  • Statistics and Probability
  • Written with excellent prose and narrative

Factfullness

The Creator of Gapminder

Data is available to reproduce these plots and Hans Rosling shares with us the stories these data tell

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Expected Values, Probability, and Decisions

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Expected Values, Probability, and Decisions

Smart Baseball The book describes decision making in baseball and outlines expected run probability and decision-making.

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Expected Values, Probability, and Decisions

Smart Baseball The book describes decision making in baseball and outlines expected run probability and decision-making.

Run Probability Matrix

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Podcasts For Context

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Podcasts For Context

What Can Uber Teach us About the Gender Pay Gap?

Freaknomics

  • Study Design Principles

  • Exploring the Gender Pay Gap

  • "Explained Variance" and Modelling

  • Other podcasts exploring, research, statistics, economics, and social science:

CBC 180 on Nosodes

Cautionary Tales

Probable Causation

TED Talks - Statistically Speaking

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Introduction to Two-Variable Data

The Most Diverse Cities are Often the Most Segregated (fivethirtyeight.com)

five thrity eight

  • Let's understand a scatterplot

  • Let's look at a regression model

  • Let's discuss the meaning of an index

  • Let's discuss multivariate thinking

  • Let's discuss how statistics, data, modelling play a role in society and policy

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Experiments and Simulations - Coke vs Pepsi

This activity involves the following Ministry Expectations and can be used to connect these topics throughout the academic year:

A1.1, A1.3, A1.4, A2.2,

B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, B1.7, B2.2, B2.6, B2.8,

C1.1, C1.2, C2.1, C2.4,

D1.2, D1.3, D1.4

AP-Statistics Design

Coke Pepsi Design - Carelton College

Coke and Pepsi Plot

CODAP Visualization Link

Other Examples of Simulations include:

  • Catch and Release Estimates
  • Cholesterol Reduction Activity
  • Chi-Squared Distributions
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Applets

Brown University - Seeing Theory

This applet contains interactive visuals and an e-textbook that describes worked solutions.

I find this especially helpful for Venn diagrams and permutations/combinations.

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Applets

Art of Statistics Web-Applets

Outstanding array of applets for every course topic. The visualizations are helpful for students to see simulations and sampling distributions and probabilities, and the apps include data.

Art of Stat

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Applets

Art of Statistics Web-Applets

Outstanding array of applets for every course topic. The visualizations are helpful for students to see simulations and sampling distributions and probabilities, and the apps include data.

Art of Stat

Kristoffer Magnusson Applets

These applets are slick and offer a look at visualizing specific features of statistics and inference and distributions.

Visualizing Power and Error

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Ask Good Questions

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Ask Good Questions

Ask Good Questions - Blog

Allan Rossman, the inspiring former chief reader of the AP Statistics Program, encourages teachers to "ask good questions" for student learning. His blog is insightful, friendly, and encouraging to all. I have done several of his activities in my class.

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Ask Good Questions

Ask Good Questions - Blog

Allan Rossman, the inspiring former chief reader of the AP Statistics Program, encourages teachers to "ask good questions" for student learning. His blog is insightful, friendly, and encouraging to all. I have done several of his activities in my class.

The AP Statistics Exam Page

This page offers all of the previous AP Free-Response Questions and Solution Rubrics.

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Assessment Strategies

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Assessment Strategies

Formative Assessments (Unit)

  • Submissions of Plots (COVID, StatsCan, Two-Way Tables)
  • (Online) Discussion/Reflections on news articles or podcasts
  • Quizzes (MC, Interpreting Plots)
  • Group Presentations of Free Response Questions
  • Collaborative Board Work
  • Textbook Problems
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Assessment Strategies

Formative Assessments (Unit)

  • Submissions of Plots (COVID, StatsCan, Two-Way Tables)
  • (Online) Discussion/Reflections on news articles or podcasts
  • Quizzes (MC, Interpreting Plots)
  • Group Presentations of Free Response Questions
  • Collaborative Board Work
  • Textbook Problems

Major Assessments - Find Data*

  • Test/Exams (MC/Free-Response)
  • Comparative Analysis with Software (1-Var)*
  • Individual Analysis with Software (Z-scores)*
  • Two Variable Modelling Investigation with Software (2-Var)*
  • Simple Games and Simulations*
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Extend Understanding Using the RStudio Learning Community

Use Data Science and RStudio to Develop Skills

I sometimes have students watch segments of David Robinson analyze TidyTuesday Data and explore some of it on their own.

David Robinson's YouTube Channel

I use the textbook OpenIntro Statistics for class and do several examples in my own RStudio during class to demonstrate Exploratory Data Analysis.

There are several resources offered through the RStudio Education Website using Rstudio cloud and the resources at R for the Rest of Us are helpful for further investigation.

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Helpful Resources for Statistics Teachers

Anything from Dr. Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel although she focuses on introductory college-level instruction.

The Stats Medic and Skew the Script are free and offer lesson templates and plans to follow including discussion topics.

Amy Hogan's blog on teaching statistics has several tips from an experienced statistics teacher.

The AP Statistics YouTube Playlist offers video instruction of some key topics in the AP-Statistics Curriculum.

The New York Times Learning Network features What's Going On in This Graph? which features a graph and provides lesson and discussion forums for its interpretation.

The ASA produced a Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education II: A Framework for Statistics and Data Science Education report (GAISE II).

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Chris Papalia

Education Background

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